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VMON100 Admin Guide
Battery Monitoring Platform — Admin Reference and Feature Documentation
Last updated: August 2026 | Firmware v1.3.6
Table of Contents
1. Platform Overview 2. Device Management 3. Firmware and OTA Updates 4. NOC Map 5. Device Dashboard 6. Battery Intelligence 7. Historical Reports 8. User Management 9. Hardware Reference 10. WiFi Management 11. Deep Sleep 12. Firmware Release Process 13. Troubleshooting1. Platform Overview
VMON100 is a 12V battery monitoring platform built on ESP32 hardware with a PHP/MySQL backend on Namecheap shared hosting. Devices report telemetry via HTTPS heartbeats and receive remote commands from the admin portal.
Frontend
Vanilla HTML/CSS/JS PWA. Admin at /admin/. Dashboard at /dashboard/.
Backend
PHP on premium147. MariaDB layoeebj_vmon100. JWT auth.
Hardware
ESP32 + INA219 sensor. CYD 2.8" display unit. LM2596 buck converter.
Admin Portal Tabs
| Tab | Description |
|---|---|
| Overview | Fleet summary, recent alerts, device count, telemetry stats |
| Devices | All registered devices with remote management buttons |
| Alerts | Voltage and connectivity alerts |
| Fleets | Group devices into fleets for organization |
| Users | User list and access control |
| API Keys | Generate and manage API keys |
| Audit Log | Full log of all admin actions |
| Unknown | Devices heartbeating but not yet registered |
| Settings | Global heartbeat interval, site name, registration toggle |
| Firmware | Firmware release management and OTA control |
| Device Logs | Remote terminal — live device log stream |
| NOC Map | World map showing all device locations and status |
| User Mgmt | Add, edit, suspend, delete users and reset passwords |
| System | Server health and database stats |
2. Device Management
Device Buttons
| Button | Action | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Rename | Change device display name | Takes effect immediately |
| Location | Set GPS coordinates and location name | Overrides GeoIP on NOC map |
| WiFi | Push new WiFi credentials to device | Applied on next heartbeat |
| Slots | View saved WiFi networks on device | Shows SSID names only, no passwords |
| Blink | Blink status LED | Useful for identifying physical device |
| Debug | Toggle debug mode — 5s heartbeat | Disable when done |
| Restart | Remote reboot | Reconnects within ~30 seconds |
| Interval | Set per-device heartbeat interval | Overrides global setting |
| Sleep | Enable/disable deep sleep | Disables OTA and remote commands while sleeping |
| Battery | Set battery type and capacity | Affects intelligence calculations |
| Health | View free heap, boot count, reset reason | Requires firmware v1.3.3+ |
Registered Devices
| Device | MAC | Location | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prototype 1 | 70:4B:CA:21:85:08 | — | v1.1.0 — needs manual OTA |
| Unit 2 — 2005 Jeep Rubicon | B4:BF:E9:CA:02:34 | Miami House | INA219, VR lead acid 198Ah |
| Unit 3 | 04:B2:47:97:C8:A4 | — | v1.1.0 — needs manual OTA |
| Unit 4 — Dallas | B4:BF:E9:0B:2F:30 | Carrollton TX | v1.3.6 online |
| Unit 5 — Toronto | 48:9D:31:E5:F4:9C | Pickering ON | v1.3.6 |
| Display Unit CYD | 28:05:A5:2A:B3:04 | — | 2.8" ILI9341, BOOT button wake |
3. Firmware and OTA Updates
Firmware Version History
| Version | Key Features |
|---|---|
| 1.3.6 | Deep sleep, server-controlled battery type and capacity settings |
| 1.3.5 | INA219 Wire reset fix, OLED SSD1306 support, I2C multi-pin scanner |
| 1.3.4 | System health metrics — free heap, boot count, reset reason |
| 1.3.3 | Dynamic heartbeat interval from server, screen dim fix |
| 1.3.2 | Device photo on boot JPEG, BOOT button wake, color fix |
| 1.3.1 | OTA rollback protection |
| 1.3.0 | WiFi slot viewer, delete_wifi command |
| 1.2.9 | WiFi SSID and slots JSON in heartbeat |
| 1.2.8 | Remote WiFi push via set_wifi command, clear_wifi |
| 1.2.7 | Multi-WiFi 5 slots, legacy compat |
| 1.2.6 | local_ip and wan_ip in heartbeat |
OTA Modes
| Mode | Behavior |
|---|---|
| auto | Device checks and updates automatically on every boot |
| manual | Device checks but requires admin to trigger update |
Deep sleep disables OTA checks while sleeping. Device only checks OTA after waking and sending a heartbeat.
4. NOC Map
| Pin Color | Status |
|---|---|
| Green | Online — heartbeat within last 5 minutes |
| Yellow | Offline — last seen within 24 hours |
| Orange | Offline — last seen within 30 days |
| Red | Offline — last seen over 30 days ago |
For deployed vehicles, always set manual coordinates via the Location button so the NOC map is accurate regardless of VPN or cellular routing.
Click any pin to see: device name, status, firmware version, local IP, WAN IP, voltage, location, last seen time.
5. Device Dashboard
Access at /dashboard/device.html?mac=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
Live Gauges
Voltage, Current mA, Power mW, Temperature, Signal, Uptime
History Sparklines
Signal, Voltage, Current, Power — last 20 samples
Battery Intelligence
SOC%, charging status, runtime estimate, swap detection
Historical Reports
24H, 7D, 30D, 6M aggregated charts and stats
Voltage Colors
| Color | Voltage | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Green | above 12.4V | Good |
| Yellow | 12.0 to 12.4V | Fair |
| Orange | 11.5 to 12.0V | Low |
| Red | below 11.5V | Critical |
6. Battery Intelligence
Analyzes voltage, current, and historical trends to provide actionable insights on the device dashboard.
Battery Type Voltage Profiles
| Type | Float V | Full V | Good V | Low V | Critical V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flooded Lead Acid | — | 12.70 | 12.40 | 12.00 | 11.80 |
| AGM | — | 12.80 | 12.50 | 12.10 | 11.80 |
| VR/UPS Lead Acid (HR5600) | 13.50 | 12.75 | 12.45 | 12.00 | 11.80 |
| LiFePO4 Lithium | — | 13.60 | 13.20 | 12.80 | 12.00 |
Intelligence Features
- Charging detection via float voltage threshold and rising voltage trend
- SOC% estimate based on voltage and battery profile
- Runtime estimate in days or hours at current draw — suppressed when charging
- Battery swap detection on sudden large voltage drop
- Critical voltage and dangerous discharge warnings
Set battery type and capacity via admin Devices tab Battery button for accurate SOC and runtime estimates.
7. Historical Reports
| Period | Grouping | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| 24H | Hourly averages | Daily monitoring, charge cycles |
| 7 Days | Daily averages | Weekly trends |
| 30 Days | Daily averages | Monthly health overview |
| 6 Months | Weekly averages | Long-term battery degradation |
Stats shown: Avg/Min/Max Voltage, Avg Current, Energy Used in Wh, Readings count.
Bad readings — voltage below 10V or above 14.5V — are automatically filtered from all reports.
8. User Management
| Role | Access |
|---|---|
| system_admin | Full access — all tabs, all devices, user management |
| fleet_admin | Manage assigned fleet devices only |
| user | View own registered devices only |
Demo account: demo@vmon100.com — read-only access for demonstrations and testing.
9. Hardware Reference
Standard ESP32 DevKit Wiring
| Component | ESP32 Pin | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| INA219 VCC | 3.3V | NOT 5V |
| INA219 GND | GND | Must share common ground with LM2596 |
| INA219 SDA | GPIO21 / P21 | I2C data line |
| INA219 SCL | GPIO22 / P22 | I2C clock line |
| INA219 VIN+ | Battery positive | In series with load — current flows through |
| INA219 VIN− | LM2596 IN+ | Exits to load after shunt measurement |
| LM2596 OUT+ | ESP32 VIN 5V | Set potentiometer to 5.0V before connecting |
| LM2596 OUT− | GND | Common ground point |
CYD Display Unit — ESP32-2432S028R
| Component | Pins |
|---|---|
| ILI9341 display | MOSI=13, SCLK=14, CS=15, DC=2, RST=4, BL=21 |
| INA219 | SDA=GPIO27, SCL=GPIO22 |
| BOOT button wake | GPIO0 |
INA219 I2C address: 0x40. Use the x serial menu command to scan and confirm detection.
Solder at 320-350 degrees C maximum. Heat above 500 degrees C will damage the INA219 chip internally even if solder joints look correct.
10. WiFi Management
Each device stores up to 5 WiFi networks plus a hardcoded fallback: TheSky / theskyisblue.
| Command | Effect |
|---|---|
| set_wifi | Add credentials to next available slot |
| delete_wifi | Delete specific slot by number |
| clear_wifi | Delete all saved WiFi slots |
WiFi passwords are stored only on the device in ESP32 NVS flash. They are never transmitted to the server.
11. Deep Sleep
| Mode | Current Draw | WiFi |
|---|---|---|
| Active | 150-240 mA | On |
| Deep Sleep ESP32 only | 0.01 mA | Off |
| Full system with LM2596 sleeping | 10-15 mA | Off |
Sleep cycle: Wake, full reboot, connect WiFi, send heartbeat, sleep for N minutes, repeat.
Deep sleep disables OTA updates and all remote commands. Only enable for deployed unattended devices on a battery without a charger.
Recommended Settings
| Device Type | Sleep | Interval |
|---|---|---|
| Parked vehicle, no charger | Enable — 15 to 30 min | Sleep duration controls frequency |
| Always-on with charger | Disable | 5 to 15 minutes |
| CYD display unit | Disable | 60 seconds |
| Development and testing | Disable | 5 seconds via debug mode |
12. Firmware Release Process
Step 1 — Bump Version
Update FW_VERSION in main.cpp. Build in VS Code.
Step 2 — Copy Binary
cp .pio/build/esp32dev/firmware.bin ~/Desktop/vmon100-X.X.X.bin
Step 3 — Upload
Upload .bin via cPanel to /public_vmon100/firmware/
Step 4 — Register in DB
UPDATE firmware_releases SET is_active=0 then INSERT new version row.
mysql -u layoeebj_vmon100dba -p'...' layoeebj_vmon100 -e "
UPDATE firmware_releases SET is_active=0;
INSERT INTO firmware_releases (version, url, is_active, release_notes, created_at)
VALUES ('1.X.X', 'https://vmon100.com/firmware/vmon100-1.X.X.bin', 1, 'Notes here', NOW());"
Always commit to GitHub: git add . and git commit -m "vX.X.X - description" and git push origin master
13. Troubleshooting
INA219 Not Detected
- Press x in serial menu — I2C scanner should show 0x40
- Verify VCC goes to 3.3V not 5V
- Verify SDA to GPIO21 and SCL to GPIO22
- Confirm all GNDs share common ground — test with multimeter continuity
- Soldering temp must be 320-350 degrees C max
- Wire.end() reset before ina219.begin() fixes timing issues on boot
OTA Not Updating
- Confirm firmware_releases has is_active=1 for new version
- Verify .bin uploaded to correct cPanel path
- Remote restart device to trigger immediate OTA check
- Deep sleep devices only check OTA when awake
USB Drops When 9V Connected
- Two power sources fighting on ESP32 VIN pin
- For bench testing, connect 9V ONLY to INA219 VIN+/VIN− not to LM2596
- Use Device Logs tab remotely instead of serial monitor for full system testing
Serial Debug Menu Commands
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| m | Show debug menu |
| 1 | WiFi status |
| 2 | Current IP |
| 3 | Restart device |
| 4 | Device info — MAC, RSSI, uptime, INA219 status |
| 5 | Add WiFi — scan, select, enter password |
| b | Read battery via INA219 |
| w | Show saved WiFi networks |
| h | Send heartbeat manually |
| x | I2C scanner — find all connected I2C devices |
| d | Test display — CYD only |
| + or - | Adjust brightness — CYD only |
| r | Rotate display — CYD only |
VMON100 Platform — Junox Studios 2026 — vmon100.com
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VOLTAGE (V)
---
CURRENT (mA)
----
POWER (mW)
---
SIGNAL (dBm)
VOLTAGE RANGE
--.- V min / --.- V max
Avg: --.- V
CURRENT RANGE
--- mA min / --- mA max
Avg: --- mA
READINGS
0